Hypermetropia (long-sightedness or far-sightedness)
Signs and Symptoms
Blurry vision when reading or looking at close items Eye strain or a tired feeling in your eyes Headaches after reading or screen time Need to squint to see clearly
Causes :
Simple hypermetropia, the most common form of hypermetropia, is caused by normal biological variations in the development of eyeball.
Aetiologically, causes of hypermetropia can be classified as:
Axial: Axial hypermetropia occur when the axial length of eyeball is too short. About 1 mm decrease in axial length cause 3 diopters of hypermetropia. One condition that cause axial hypermetropia is nanophthalmos.
Curvatural: Curvatural hypermetropia occur when curvature of lens or cornea is flatter than normal. About 1 mm increase in radius of curvature results in 6 diopters of hypermetropia. Cornea is flatter in microcornea and cornea plana.
Index: Age related changes in refractive index (cortical sclerosis) can cause hypermetropia. Another cause of index hypermetropia is diabetes. Occasionally, mild hypermetropic shift may be seen in association with cortical or subcapsular cataract also.
Positional: Positional hypermetropia occur due to posterior dislocation of Lens or IOL.It may occur due to trauma.[citation needed]
Consecutive: Consecutive hypermetropia occur due to surgical over correction of myopia or surgical under correction in cataract surgery.
Functional: Functional hypermetropia results from paralysis of accommodation as seen in internal ophthalmoplegia, CN III palsy etc.
Absence of lens: Congenital or acquired aphakia cause high degree hypermetropia.
Far-sightedness is often present from birth, but children have a very flexible eye lens, which helps to compensate.In rare instances, hyperopia can be due to diabetes, as well as problems with the blood vessels in the retina.
Treatment
Eyeglasses: Uses convex lenses to bend light correctly onto the retina.
Contact lenses: Worn directly on the eye to adjust light focus.
Surgery: Procedures like laser eye surgery can change your cornea shape permanently.
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