Astigmatism
Common Signs and Symptoms
Blurry or fuzzy vision near and far
Eye strain, discomfort, or tiredness
Frequent headaches
Squinting to see clearly
Trouble seeing at night or glare around lights
Causes and Types
The eye has two structures with curved surfaces that bend (refract) light onto the retina, which makes the images:
The cornea, the clear front surface of the eye along with the tear film
The lens, a clear structure inside the eye that changes shape to help the eye focus on near objects
In a perfectly shaped eye, each of these elements has a round curvature, like the surface of a smooth ball. A cornea or lens with such curvature bends (refracts) all incoming light equally to make a sharply focused image directly on the retina at the back of the eye.
Simplified anatomy of the eye
This simplified illustration of the eye shows the elements most involved in astigmatism: the cornea and the lens.
A refractive error
If either the cornea or the lens is egg-shaped with two mismatched curves, light rays aren't bent the same, which means that two different images form. These two images overlap or combine and result in blurred vision. Astigmatism is a type of refractive error.
Astigmatism occurs when the cornea or lens is curved more steeply in one direction than in another. You have corneal astigmatism if your cornea has mismatched curves. You have lenticular astigmatism if your lens has mismatched curves.
Either type of astigmatism can cause blurred vision. Blurred vision may occur more in one direction: horizontally, vertically or diagonally.
Astigmatism may be present from birth, or it may develop after an eye injury, disease or surgery. Astigmatism isn't caused or made worse by reading in poor light, sitting too close to the television or squinting.
Treatment Choices
Eyeglasses: Special lenses with cylinder power to balance the uneven curves.
Contact lenses: Soft toric lenses or rigid gas-permeable lenses designed for astigmatism.
Refractive surgery: Laser procedures like LASIK to reshape the cornea
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